Scientific Production

Asst. Prof. Dr. Rafif Iyad Hassan, a lecturer at the College of Political Science, Al-Nahrain University, has published a research paper titled “The Hidden Economy: Digital Economic Activities of Illicit International Transactions” as part of the Al-Bayan Center for Studies and Planning publication series.

The research explores hidden transactions and secret companies that often fail to meet their tax obligations, contributing to the deterioration of public infrastructure due to unregulated use. This forces governments to provide services and increase tax rates on official entities, limiting economic growth of organized activities.