Scientific Output

A book titled “Mussolini: From the Red Flame to the Black Shadow” A Study on the Intellectual Transformations of the Italian Fascist Leader (1883-1945) has been published by Prof. Dr. Qassim Shuaib Al-Sultani, faculty member at the College of Political Science, Al-Nahrain University. The book was published by Hatrick for Printing and Publishing.The book offers a deep analytical reading of Benito Mussolini’s intellectual biography, tracing his radical transformation: from the radicalism of the left and socialism (the red flame), through the nationalist turning point, to the establishment of the bloody fascist doctrine (the black shadow) that led Italy and the world into the catastrophe of war.The book does not limit itself to narrating historical events. Rather, it deconstructs the struggles of ideological transformation of a personality that changed the course of modern history. It provides those interested in political science and history with key insights for understanding the nature of power and the impact of totalitarian ideas.